Mars in Magic, Astrology, and Astronomy
ASTROLOGY OF PLANETS. MARS.
FROM ASTRONOMY
For almost a century, Mars was the most popular of the planets. Its famous "canals," discovered in 1877, were considered compelling evidence of the existence of Martians - intelligent inhabitants of the neighboring planet. Images of Mars obtained in 1965 from close range by the American station "Mariner-4" brought bitter disappointment to proponents of the hypothesis of Mars' habitability. Further research clearly showed that if there is life on Mars, it exists only in its most primitive forms.
The planet is smaller in size than Earth but larger than the Moon. Mars' diameter is half that of Earth's. A year on Mars is almost twice as long as on Earth, and there are seasonal changes due to Mars' axis of rotation being inclined to the plane of its orbit almost like Earth's.
In a small telescope, Mars appears as a reddish-orange disk, and under good atmospheric conditions, grayish-blue spots resembling "seas" and tiny white polar caps can sometimes be observed. Detailed features are visible only in large telescopes. Oppositions of Mars, the moments of its closest approach to Earth, occur every 780 days, roughly once every two years. During opposition periods, favorable conditions for observing Mars extend for several months.
Daily temperature changes on Mars reach 80-100 degrees Celsius. At the equator, temperatures rarely even rise to 0 degrees in summer, and by nightfall, they drop to severe frost (minus 70 to minus 100 degrees). It is especially cold at the poles (down to minus 130 degrees Celsius). The harsh conditions on Mars are a result of its being 1.5 times farther from the Sun than Earth, receiving more than two times less energy, and the ground cools very rapidly due to the thin atmosphere.
The atmospheric density on the surface of Mars is 200 times less than that of our room air. A human would not be able to breathe in such an atmosphere not only due to its thinness but also because it is almost entirely composed of carbon dioxide.
At the equator of Mars, temperatures rise to 25 degrees at noon, while nighttime frosts can reach minus 90 degrees Celsius. As mentioned, the coldest areas are observed near the poles.
Mars' polar caps mainly consist of frozen carbon dioxide - "dry ice," used on Earth to preserve ice cream. The reddish-orange color of Mars is created by its "continents," the surfaces of which are covered with a rust-like hydrated iron oxide. The nature of the "seas" is still unknown. The remarkable preservation of these areas, which do not become buried by sand during frequent dust storms, leads optimists to believe that these regions of Mars may indeed be covered with vegetation capable of withstanding sand encroachment.
The relief of Mars is reminiscent of the Moon. There are many craters, likely of meteoritic origin, and volcanoes. Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system (600 km in diameter at the base, 24 km in height). Signs of volcanic activity are also seen in faults in Mars' crust. On average, the surface of the "continents" sits 3 km higher than sea level. Dunes are visible in some areas of Mars - traces of Martian winds. However, the most striking details of Mars' relief are sinuous depressions resembling dried-up riverbeds. Other evident signs of water erosion include deep ravines with typical partially eroded water walls.
FROM MYTHOLOGY
Mars, Mavors, Marspiter ("father Mars") - one of the oldest gods of Italy and Rome - was part of a triad of gods (Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus) who originally headed the Roman pantheon. March was dedicated to him - the first month of the ancient calendar when a ritual to banish winter was performed. There are various opinions on the original nature of Mars. He is considered an ancient god of fertility and vegetation, a god of wild nature, and a god of war.
Mars' companions were the horse, bull, wolf, and woodpecker. They guided the youths born in spring, indicating places for them to settle. Mars accompanied warriors going to war. According to some legends, he was endowed with three lives.
Landowners turned to Mars, performing a ritual cleansing circuit (lustration) of their property, asking for fertility for their fields, health for their families, slaves, and livestock. As the father of Romulus, Mars was considered the founder and protector of Rome. When military actions ended, Mars was offered a horse from the winning quadriga as a sacrifice. The horse's blood, believed to have purifying power, was kept in the Temple of Vesta.
Later, Mars became exclusively the god of War, identified with the Greek Ares. During the imperial era, Mars was called "the victor," "the fighter," "the expander of the empire," and "Augustus' companion." Mars' wife was considered Nerio (originally "valor"), identified with Venus and Minerva.
The planet Mars has two moons - Phobos and Deimos (translated from Ancient Greek as "fear" and "terror"). These were the names of the sons of the Greek god Ares and Aphrodite, who accompanied their warlike father on campaigns and battlefields. Apparently, these intimidating names of Mars' satellites were chosen due to their relation - just like the names of the sons.
Ares, or Mars in Greek mythology, was the god of treacherous and deceitful war. He was also associated with deadly weapons. Ares' companions were the goddess of discord, Eris, and the bloodthirsty Enyo. His horses were named Blaze, Flame, Clamor, and Terror, and his attributes included a spear, a burning torch, dogs, and a vulture. In Homer, Ares is a fierce deity. Wounded by Athena, he howls like ten thousand men, sprawling over seven acres of land. His epithets include "mighty," "enormous," "swift," "raging," "harmful," "treacherous," "destroyer of people," "destroyer of cities," and "stained with blood."
PRINCIPLES OF MARS
The principles of Mars correlate with the human tendency to destroy, dominate, and the need to release accumulated, unspent energy. The first astrological principle of Mars on a biophysical level is ACTIVITY. We are structured in a way that constant internal or external changes disrupt our balance. Energy that is out of balance creates tension, which manifests physically and mentally. The individual way to restore balance is determined by the individual characteristics of the Activity principle.
The need to relieve tension compels a person to move, engage in activities. Movement is always directed towards restoring harmony.
The first impulse that takes us out of a state of growing irritation (both physical and mental) is perceived as desire. Only living beings can desire, and all living things live by desire. Some of our desires have names, others do not. People experience their desires with varying intensity. The way a person engages in activities to fulfill their desires depends on the energy contained in their muscles, the amount of adrenaline produced by the body.
Different people deal with their desires differently: some are forced to delay the release of tension, while others cannot wait and endure for the right moment. Hence, the first principle of Mars is specifically linked to the strength of a person, whether physical or mental, with which they correctly or in conflict with themselves or the outside world carry out their desires.
The Principle of Activity implies a certain speed of action and characterizes the way tension is relieved. Obviously, it is impossible to satisfy all desires at once. Venus governs the choice of more valuable desires, and Mars engages in activities to fulfill them, but fulfilling some desires can increase tension in others. The first principle of Mars shows how a person copes with tension, how they behave in stressful situations and in their habitual activities, how they fight to satisfy their desires. The action of the principle is colored by the individual motor skills of the person, the energetic potential of their muscular system. Based on these innate characteristics, a person subsequently chooses a certain type of social activity, an adequate sphere for applying their Activity.
This principle determines a person's susceptibility to injuries. An astrologer can deduce how the body reacts to various tensions: how body temperature changes, skin color, the intensity of disease symptoms during the body's struggle for health.
The Principle of Activity governs character manifestations such as impulsiveness, swiftness, endurance, sincerity, irritability, explosiveness, sharpness, rudeness, straightforwardness, openness.
The second structural principle of Mars on a psychological level is AGGRESSION. It stems from the deep-seated human desire for destruction and annihilation. This principle sets into motion enmity, hatred, blind rage, pleasure in cruelty, and the decay of living flesh. This principle guides a person's will towards death, capable of preserving the individual when the object of their destructive energy is their true enemy, and the culmination of this principle becomes self-murder or the destruction of another, on a physical, emotional, or mental level. Therefore, the principle of Aggression governs the force with which a person expresses their love or hatred towards themselves or others, and we call this force aggressiveness.
Destructive forces in a person do not always manifest outwardly, but this does not mean they are absent. It is well-known that even small children are capable of expressing hostility and feeling anger, and as they age, not only do they not rid themselves of these feelings, but rather they learn to express them more cautiously and subtly, as experience shows.
The Principle of Aggression governs a person's ability to see others as enemies, competitors, and rivals, to feel hatred, malice, jealousy towards them, to be consumed by anger and impulse. This principle drives the need to defeat others, to engage in arguments, disputes, competitions, fights, to challenge them, to participate in competitions and competitive struggles, to overcome and eliminate obstacles in one's path.
The Principle of Aggression can manifest in sexuality, in a person's inclination towards sarcasm, criticism, in the stability of negative assessments and predictions, in an attraction to violent scenes, in activities related to risk, competition, and destruction.
The third astrological principle of Mars can be labeled with the key word of the ideal level as CONFLICT. It governs the development of objective reality reflected in the laws of dialectics. This principle of Mars is a companion to the life of any person in any society and of any, even the most developed state. The principle is associated with the phenomenon of the emergence of anything new through the negation of the old. It reflects a person's ability to experience tension when faced with obstacles on the path of their development and governs natural selection.
The functions of this principle of Mars are cleansing, changing, progressing, growing. Conflict arises when different motives collide both within a person and in their interactions with others, accompanied by a sharp sense of imbalance, loss of peace, and the emergence of the desire to do something, change, eliminate, overcome. The Principle of Conflict mobilizes a person, inducing a state of readiness and preparedness for action.
The way a person resolves conflicts, as well as the frequency of encountering them, is an individual characteristic determined by a person's temperament, periods of physical and mental changes. Since the causes of conflict are not always obvious, the ability to resolve them constructively should be linked to the ability to simplify, pinpoint, diagnose (distinguish between "self" and "others"), assess power dynamics, know where to start and what to strive for. Therefore, at different stages of life, a person is inclined to experience and approach the state of conflict differently.
An astrologer can distinguish people who can see the cause of the conflict within themselves from those who see the cause of the conflict in others, and determine the direction of the subject's activity – outwardly or inwardly. The Principle of Conflict is associated with the individual's need to change something that no longer satisfies them in themselves or in the world, with a desire to possess new strength, new abilities, to be freed from pain and discomfort. A person experiences conflict as an unpleasant, sharp, burning feeling (the Principle of Aggression) that propels them into action, which includes the Principle of Activity.
This principle develops qualities such as resilience, endurance, enthusiasm, focus, determination, courage, heroism, bravery, audacity, assertiveness.
The protective mechanism governed by Mars is Protest.
The AGE of Mars in men occurs at the time of their sexual maturity and the beginning of independent activity (after the age of 21).
ROLES of Mars: man, husband, adult son, lover, warrior, defender, hunter, competitor, rival, angry, aggressive, dangerous person, killer, armed person, worker with metal (blacksmith, metallurgist), strong, determined, athlete, stuntman, firefighter, businessman, machinist.
STATES of Mars: action, aggressiveness, self-sacrifice, conflict, risk, thrill, malice, audacity, courage, cruelty, impulse, rage, hatred, competition, jealousy, acute illness, physical effort, abscess, bleeding, erection.
EVENTS of Mars: war, fight, quarrel, accident, surgery, fire, attack, murder, invasion, contest, race, chase.
In the BODY, Mars is associated with the head, nose, muscles, penis, blood, and governs inflammations, acute illnesses, bleeding, injuries, wounds, burns.
METALS: steel, iron.
COLORS: red, crimson, blood color.
Mars in Magic, Astrology, and Astronomy
ASTROLOGY OF PLANETS. MARS.
FROM ASTRONOMY
For almost a century, Mars was the most popular of the planets. Its famous "canals," discovered in 1877, were considered compelling evidence of the existence of Martians - intelligent inhabitants of the neighboring planet. Images of Mars obtained in 1965 from close range by the American station "Mariner-4" brought bitter disappointment to proponents of the hypothesis of Mars' habitability. Further research clearly showed that if there is life on Mars, it exists only in its most primitive forms.
The planet is smaller in size than Earth but larger than the Moon. Mars' diameter is half that of Earth's. A year on Mars is almost twice as long as on Earth, and there are seasonal changes due to Mars' axis of rotation being inclined to the plane of its orbit almost like Earth's.
In a small telescope, Mars appears as a reddish-orange disk, and under good atmospheric conditions, grayish-blue spots resembling "seas" and tiny white polar caps can sometimes be observed. Detailed features are visible only in large telescopes. Oppositions of Mars, the moments of its closest approach to Earth, occur every 780 days, roughly once every two years. During opposition periods, favorable conditions for observing Mars extend for several months.
Daily temperature changes on Mars reach 80-100 degrees Celsius. At the equator, temperatures rarely even rise to 0 degrees in summer, and by nightfall, they drop to severe frost (minus 70 to minus 100 degrees). It is especially cold at the poles (down to minus 130 degrees Celsius). The harsh conditions on Mars are a result of its being 1.5 times farther from the Sun than Earth, receiving more than two times less energy, and the ground cools very rapidly due to the thin atmosphere.
The atmospheric density on the surface of Mars is 200 times less than that of our room air. A human would not be able to breathe in such an atmosphere not only due to its thinness but also because it is almost entirely composed of carbon dioxide.
At the equator of Mars, temperatures rise to 25 degrees at noon, while nighttime frosts can reach minus 90 degrees Celsius. As mentioned, the coldest areas are observed near the poles.
Mars' polar caps mainly consist of frozen carbon dioxide - "dry ice," used on Earth to preserve ice cream. The reddish-orange color of Mars is created by its "continents," the surfaces of which are covered with a rust-like hydrated iron oxide. The nature of the "seas" is still unknown. The remarkable preservation of these areas, which do not become buried by sand during frequent dust storms, leads optimists to believe that these regions of Mars may indeed be covered with vegetation capable of withstanding sand encroachment.
The relief of Mars is reminiscent of the Moon. There are many craters, likely of meteoritic origin, and volcanoes. Olympus Mons is the largest mountain in the solar system (600 km in diameter at the base, 24 km in height). Signs of volcanic activity are also seen in faults in Mars' crust. On average, the surface of the "continents" sits 3 km higher than sea level. Dunes are visible in some areas of Mars - traces of Martian winds. However, the most striking details of Mars' relief are sinuous depressions resembling dried-up riverbeds. Other evident signs of water erosion include deep ravines with typical partially eroded water walls.
FROM MYTHOLOGY
Mars, Mavors, Marspiter ("father Mars") - one of the oldest gods of Italy and Rome - was part of a triad of gods (Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus) who originally headed the Roman pantheon. March was dedicated to him - the first month of the ancient calendar when a ritual to banish winter was performed. There are various opinions on the original nature of Mars. He is considered an ancient god of fertility and vegetation, a god of wild nature, and a god of war.
Mars' companions were the horse, bull, wolf, and woodpecker. They guided the youths born in spring, indicating places for them to settle. Mars accompanied warriors going to war. According to some legends, he was endowed with three lives.
Landowners turned to Mars, performing a ritual cleansing circuit (lustration) of their property, asking for fertility for their fields, health for their families, slaves, and livestock. As the father of Romulus, Mars was considered the founder and protector of Rome. When military actions ended, Mars was offered a horse from the winning quadriga as a sacrifice. The horse's blood, believed to have purifying power, was kept in the Temple of Vesta.
Later, Mars became exclusively the god of War, identified with the Greek Ares. During the imperial era, Mars was called "the victor," "the fighter," "the expander of the empire," and "Augustus' companion." Mars' wife was considered Nerio (originally "valor"), identified with Venus and Minerva.
The planet Mars has two moons - Phobos and Deimos (translated from Ancient Greek as "fear" and "terror"). These were the names of the sons of the Greek god Ares and Aphrodite, who accompanied their warlike father on campaigns and battlefields. Apparently, these intimidating names of Mars' satellites were chosen due to their relation - just like the names of the sons.
Ares, or Mars in Greek mythology, was the god of treacherous and deceitful war. He was also associated with deadly weapons. Ares' companions were the goddess of discord, Eris, and the bloodthirsty Enyo. His horses were named Blaze, Flame, Clamor, and Terror, and his attributes included a spear, a burning torch, dogs, and a vulture. In Homer, Ares is a fierce deity. Wounded by Athena, he howls like ten thousand men, sprawling over seven acres of land. His epithets include "mighty," "enormous," "swift," "raging," "harmful," "treacherous," "destroyer of people," "destroyer of cities," and "stained with blood."
PRINCIPLES OF MARS
The principles of Mars correlate with the human tendency to destroy, dominate, and the need to release accumulated, unspent energy. The first astrological principle of Mars on a biophysical level is ACTIVITY. We are structured in a way that constant internal or external changes disrupt our balance. Energy that is out of balance creates tension, which manifests physically and mentally. The individual way to restore balance is determined by the individual characteristics of the Activity principle.
The need to relieve tension compels a person to move, engage in activities. Movement is always directed towards restoring harmony.
The first impulse that takes us out of a state of growing irritation (both physical and mental) is perceived as desire. Only living beings can desire, and all living things live by desire. Some of our desires have names, others do not. People experience their desires with varying intensity. The way a person engages in activities to fulfill their desires depends on the energy contained in their muscles, the amount of adrenaline produced by the body.
Different people deal with their desires differently: some are forced to delay the release of tension, while others cannot wait and endure for the right moment. Hence, the first principle of Mars is specifically linked to the strength of a person, whether physical or mental, with which they correctly or in conflict with themselves or the outside world carry out their desires.
The Principle of Activity implies a certain speed of action and characterizes the way tension is relieved. Obviously, it is impossible to satisfy all desires at once. Venus governs the choice of more valuable desires, and Mars engages in activities to fulfill them, but fulfilling some desires can increase tension in others. The first principle of Mars shows how a person copes with tension, how they behave in stressful situations and in their habitual activities, how they fight to satisfy their desires. The action of the principle is colored by the individual motor skills of the person, the energetic potential of their muscular system. Based on these innate characteristics, a person subsequently chooses a certain type of social activity, an adequate sphere for applying their Activity.
This principle determines a person's susceptibility to injuries. An astrologer can deduce how the body reacts to various tensions: how body temperature changes, skin color, the intensity of disease symptoms during the body's struggle for health.
The Principle of Activity governs character manifestations such as impulsiveness, swiftness, endurance, sincerity, irritability, explosiveness, sharpness, rudeness, straightforwardness, openness.
The second structural principle of Mars on a psychological level is AGGRESSION. It stems from the deep-seated human desire for destruction and annihilation. This principle sets into motion enmity, hatred, blind rage, pleasure in cruelty, and the decay of living flesh. This principle guides a person's will towards death, capable of preserving the individual when the object of their destructive energy is their true enemy, and the culmination of this principle becomes self-murder or the destruction of another, on a physical, emotional, or mental level. Therefore, the principle of Aggression governs the force with which a person expresses their love or hatred towards themselves or others, and we call this force aggressiveness.
Destructive forces in a person do not always manifest outwardly, but this does not mean they are absent. It is well-known that even small children are capable of expressing hostility and feeling anger, and as they age, not only do they not rid themselves of these feelings, but rather they learn to express them more cautiously and subtly, as experience shows.
The Principle of Aggression governs a person's ability to see others as enemies, competitors, and rivals, to feel hatred, malice, jealousy towards them, to be consumed by anger and impulse. This principle drives the need to defeat others, to engage in arguments, disputes, competitions, fights, to challenge them, to participate in competitions and competitive struggles, to overcome and eliminate obstacles in one's path.
The Principle of Aggression can manifest in sexuality, in a person's inclination towards sarcasm, criticism, in the stability of negative assessments and predictions, in an attraction to violent scenes, in activities related to risk, competition, and destruction.
The third astrological principle of Mars can be labeled with the key word of the ideal level as CONFLICT. It governs the development of objective reality reflected in the laws of dialectics. This principle of Mars is a companion to the life of any person in any society and of any, even the most developed state. The principle is associated with the phenomenon of the emergence of anything new through the negation of the old. It reflects a person's ability to experience tension when faced with obstacles on the path of their development and governs natural selection.
The functions of this principle of Mars are cleansing, changing, progressing, growing. Conflict arises when different motives collide both within a person and in their interactions with others, accompanied by a sharp sense of imbalance, loss of peace, and the emergence of the desire to do something, change, eliminate, overcome. The Principle of Conflict mobilizes a person, inducing a state of readiness and preparedness for action.
The way a person resolves conflicts, as well as the frequency of encountering them, is an individual characteristic determined by a person's temperament, periods of physical and mental changes. Since the causes of conflict are not always obvious, the ability to resolve them constructively should be linked to the ability to simplify, pinpoint, diagnose (distinguish between "self" and "others"), assess power dynamics, know where to start and what to strive for. Therefore, at different stages of life, a person is inclined to experience and approach the state of conflict differently.
An astrologer can distinguish people who can see the cause of the conflict within themselves from those who see the cause of the conflict in others, and determine the direction of the subject's activity – outwardly or inwardly. The Principle of Conflict is associated with the individual's need to change something that no longer satisfies them in themselves or in the world, with a desire to possess new strength, new abilities, to be freed from pain and discomfort. A person experiences conflict as an unpleasant, sharp, burning feeling (the Principle of Aggression) that propels them into action, which includes the Principle of Activity.
This principle develops qualities such as resilience, endurance, enthusiasm, focus, determination, courage, heroism, bravery, audacity, assertiveness.
The protective mechanism governed by Mars is Protest.
The AGE of Mars in men occurs at the time of their sexual maturity and the beginning of independent activity (after the age of 21).
ROLES of Mars: man, husband, adult son, lover, warrior, defender, hunter, competitor, rival, angry, aggressive, dangerous person, killer, armed person, worker with metal (blacksmith, metallurgist), strong, determined, athlete, stuntman, firefighter, businessman, machinist.
STATES of Mars: action, aggressiveness, self-sacrifice, conflict, risk, thrill, malice, audacity, courage, cruelty, impulse, rage, hatred, competition, jealousy, acute illness, physical effort, abscess, bleeding, erection.
EVENTS of Mars: war, fight, quarrel, accident, surgery, fire, attack, murder, invasion, contest, race, chase.
In the BODY, Mars is associated with the head, nose, muscles, penis, blood, and governs inflammations, acute illnesses, bleeding, injuries, wounds, burns.
METALS: steel, iron.
COLORS: red, crimson, blood color.
